Dataset: EN669 Bottle Data

Name: Carbonate chemistry analyses (total alkalinity, DIC, and d13C of DIC) from discrete bottle samples and CTD data from 12 stations sampled during R/V Endeavor cruise EN669 in the Gulf of Maine during August 2021
Published: 2024-04-17
Keywords: Gulf of Maine, seawater, CTD, oceans

Cite This Dataset

DOI:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.915709.1

Spatial Extent: N:44.2444 E:-65.9087 S:40.8734 W:-69.756

Temporal Extent: 2021-08-04 - 2021-08-11

Project:

CAREER: Gulf of Maine Temperature Trends and Variability from the early Holocene to the Present (GoM Temperature Trends)

Principal Investigator:

Katherine A. Allen (University of Maine)

Co-Principal Investigator:

Adam V. Subhas (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, WHOI)

Student:

Madelyn Woods (University of Maine)

BCO-DMO Data Manager:

Shannon Rauch (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, WHOI BCO-DMO)

Version:

Version Date:

2024-04-17

Restricted:

Validated:

Yes

Current State:

Final no updates expected

Carbonate chemistry analyses (total alkalinity, DIC, and d13C of DIC) from discrete bottle samples and CTD data from 12 stations sampled during R/V Endeavor cruise EN669 in the Gulf of Maine during August 2021

Abstract:

This dataset includes seawater properties observed during cruise EN669 on the R/V Endeavor in the Gulf of Maine, conducted in August 2021 by PI Katherine Allen and the shipboard science party. Included are data from twelve CTD/Niskin rosette casts at twelve different stations accompanied by carbonate chemistry analyses (total alkalinity, DIC, and d13C of DIC) from discrete bottle samples collected during each cast. Bottle samples were analyzed by Adam Subhas at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution after the cruise was complete. Data from CTD casts were collected by the Endeavor's shipboard scientific party. These Gulf of Maine seawater observations provide constraints on growth conditions of synchronously collected foraminifera, enabling geochemical paleo-proxies to be assessed and refined for regional paleoceanographic reconstructions.

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Archival Copy

Version Date	Archive	Persistent Identifier	Date Assigned
2024-04-17	Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)	10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.915709.1	2024-04-17

Methods & Sampling

These data were collected on R/V Endeavor cruise EN669 from 12 stations across the Gulf of Maine. Water samples were collected using Niskin bottles on the CTD rosette. Equipment included a Seabird Scientific SBE9plus CTD equipped with a transmissometer, oxygen, and fluorescence sensors.

Total Alkalinity, Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC), and d13C-DIC:
Samples for total alkalinity (TA), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and d13C-DIC were collected simultaneously. Water from the Niskins was passed through a 0.45-micron cartridge filter and all bubbles were removed from the line. Ground-glass stoppered 250-milliliter (mL) bottles were rinsed 3 times with flowing, filtered seawater and then filled. Each sample bottle was left to overflow for approximately double the amount of time it took to fill the bottle. Excess water was gently dumped out to leave a ~2-3 mL headspace below the ground glass fitting. Following collection, samples were poisoned with 100 microliters of saturated mercuric chloride solution. Bottles were sealed with a greased stopper (Apiezon-L). A rubber band was placed over the stopper to ensure sample closure. Samples were stored cool and in the dark prior to analysis at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.

DIC and d13C analyses were performed first immediately after opening the bottle. DIC and d13C-DIC were determined simultaneously using an Apollo AS-D1 analyzer connected to a Picarro G-2121i cavity ringdown system on a 5 mL sample of seawater. Samples were run in at least triplicate and calibrated against seawater Certified Reference Materials. Isotopic values were calibrated against an in-house seawater standard that was intercalibrated against known solid materials (NBS-19, IAEA-C2, and NBS-20). Intercalibration was performed on the same Picarro instrument using an Automate-Liaison front-end unit. Total alkalinity was determined using an open-system Gran titration on 5-mL samples in triplicate, using a Metrohm 805 Dosimat and a robotic Titrosampler, calibrated against seawater Certified Reference Materials.

BCO-DMO Processing

- Imported the first sheet of the original file "EN669_CTD_Bottle_BCODMO.xlsx" from into the BCO-DMO system.
- Removed the empty column (column M in Excel file).
- Renamed fields to comply with BCO-DMO naming conventions.
- Created the ISO_DateTime_UTC column by converting the julian date (TimeJ) column to ISO 8601 format.
- Saved the final file as "915709_v1_en669_bottle.csv".

Data Files

File
915709_v1_en669_bottle.csv (Comma Separated Values (.csv), 45.55 KB) MD5:01c3141137b3499bdd17bf0a30a734cb Primary data file for dataset ID 915709, version 1

More Information about this dataset

Funding Sources

Funding Source	Award Number
NSF Division of Ocean Sciences	OCE-1847742

Deployments

Deployment	Synonyms	Start Date	Platform	Investigator
EN669		2021-08-03	R/V Endeavor	Katherine A. Allen (Chief Scientist)	data info

Instruments

Apollo AS-D1 DIC and d13C-DIC Analyzer

Supplied Name: Apollo AS-D1 analyzer

Supplied Description:

DIC-d13C was determined using an Apollo AS-D1 DIC and d13C-DIC analyzer unit, connected to a Picarro G-2121i Cavity Ringdown Spectrometer.

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Apollo AS-D1 DIC and d13C-DIC Analyzer

Acronym: Apollo AS-D1

Generic Description:

The AS-D1 is an instrument designed to prepare natural water samples for Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) and delta13C analysis and provide the user with the analyses outputs. It has features that are specifically useful for seawater and coastal water samples. The instrument provides the user with DIC values (micromol per kg) and the delta13C content of the DIC (per mille). It consists of a digital syringe pump for delivery of reagent and samples, a mass flow controller to regulate flow rate, a CO2 stripping reactor, and an electronic cooling system to remove moisture. The AS-D1 does not measure the sample but is designed to send the gas to a different analyzer. This second instrument then sends the measurements back to the AS-D1 after analysis. The AS-D1 then calculates the desired DIC and delta13C outputs. This instrument is designed for automatic sampling from multiple bottles. It can be used in laboratories on shore or at sea.

The instrument was created to be paired with the Picarro G-2131i Carbon Isotope Analyser, however, other models that measure the isotopic ratio of CO2 may be compatible. The precision is +/- 0.1 % for DIC of seawater and +/- 0.07 % for DIC-delta13C. Sample volume is 1-7 milliliters per analysis, and sample time is under 12 minutes.

Additional information from the manufacturer is available at: https://apolloscitech.com/dicdelta.html

Automatic titrator

Supplied Name: Titrosampler

Supplied Description:

Total alkalinity was determined using an open-system Gran titration on 5-mL samples in triplicate, using a Metrohm 805 Dosimat and a robotic Titrosampler, calibrated against seawater Certified Reference Materials.

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Automatic titrator

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB12/

Generic Description:

Instruments that incrementally add quantified aliquots of a reagent to a sample until the end-point of a chemical reaction is reached.

Cavity enhanced absorption spectrometers

Supplied Name: Picarro G-2121i Cavity Ringdown Spectrometer

Supplied Description:

DIC-d13C was determined using an Apollo AS-D1 DIC and d13C-DIC analyzer unit, connected to a Picarro G-2121i Cavity Ringdown Spectrometer.

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Cavity enhanced absorption spectrometers

Acronym: CEAS

Generic Description:

Instruments that illuminate a sample inside an optical cavity, typically using laser light, and measure the concentration or amount of a species in gas phase by absorption spectroscopy. Techniques include cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) and integrated cavity output spectroscopy (ICOS).

CTD Sea-Bird SBE 911plus

Supplied Name: SeaBird SBE-911+

Supplied Description:

Water samples were collected using Niskin bottles on the CTD rosette. Equipment included a Seabird Scientific SBE9plus CTD equipped with a transmissometer, oxygen, and fluorescence sensors.

Instrument Type

Generic Name: CTD Sea-Bird SBE 911plus

Acronym: CTD SBE 911plus

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0058/

Generic Description:

The Sea-Bird SBE 911 plus is a type of CTD instrument package for continuous measurement of conductivity, temperature and pressure. The SBE 911 plus includes the SBE 9plus Underwater Unit and the SBE 11plus Deck Unit (for real-time readout using conductive wire) for deployment from a vessel. The combination of the SBE 9 plus and SBE 11 plus is called a SBE 911 plus. The SBE 9 plus uses Sea-Bird's standard modular temperature and conductivity sensors (SBE 3 plus and SBE 4). The SBE 9 plus CTD can be configured with up to eight auxiliary sensors to measure other parameters including dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, fluorescence, light (PAR), light transmission, etc.). more information from Sea-Bird Electronics

Metrohm 805 Dosimat

Supplied Description:

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Metrohm 805 Dosimat

Acronym: Metrohm 805

Generic Description:

The Metrohm 805 Dosimat is a dispensing instrument for titrating and dosing operations in the laboratory. The 805 Dosimat is controlled by Touch control or PC control software. The instrument controls the dosing of liquids, which are attached via an exchange unit. Metrohm recommends using the Metrohm 806 Exchange units which come with 1, 5, 10, 20, or 50 milliliter (mL) dosing cylinders. The instrument can read and overwrite data from the exchange unit. It has a resolution of 20,000 steps per cylinder volume and a dosing/filling time of 18 seconds.

The 805 Dosimat and the corresponding 806 Exchange Unit are suitable as a buret not only for simply dosing auxiliary solutions but also for titrations. Additional information is available from the instrument manufacturer: https://www.metrohm.com/en_au/products/2/8050/28050010.html

Niskin bottle

Supplied Name: Niskin bottles

Supplied Description:

Water samples were collected using Niskin bottles on the CTD rosette.

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Niskin bottle

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0412/

Generic Description:

A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends. The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24, or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc.

Seal Analytical AutoAnalyser 3HR

Supplied Name: SEAL Analytical AA3 HR

Supplied Description:

Nutrients were determined at the WHOI Nutrient Analytical Facility on a SEAL Analytical AA3 HR following established procedures.

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Seal Analytical AutoAnalyser 3HR

Generic Description:

A fully automated Segmented Flow Analysis (SFA) system, ideal for water and seawater analysis. It comprises a modular system which integrates an autosampler, peristaltic pump, chemistry manifold and detector. The sample and reagents are pumped continuously through the chemistry manifold, and air bubbles are introduced at regular intervals forming reaction segments which are mixed using glass coils. The AA3 uses segmented flow analysis principles to reduce inter-sample dispersion, and can analyse up to 100 samples per hour using stable LED light sources.

Parameters

Date and time formats are described in python strftime() syntax.

Supplied Name	Supplied description	Supplied Units	Standard Name
CTD_Cast	Cast number from cruise EN669	unitless	cast
Niskin	Bottle number on Niskin rosette	unitless	bottle
PotTemp	Potential temperature used in carbsys calculations	degrees Celsius	potemp
Sal	Salinity value used in carbsys calculations	unitless	sal
Depthm	Depth used in carbsys calculations	meters (m)	depth
DIC_Bottle	Niskin bottle number from which DIC water sample was taken	unitless	bottle
DICumolkg	Dissolved inorganic carbon	micromoles per kilogram seawater	DIC
d13Cpermil	delta carbon isotope value vs PDB	permille vs PDB	d13C
talkumolkg	Total alkalinity	micromoles per kilogram seawater	TALK
DICsd	1 standard deviation, dissolved inorganic carbon measurement	micromoles per kilogram seawater	DIC
d13Csd	1 standard deviation, delta carbon isotope measurement	permille vs PDB	d13C
talksd	1 standard deviation, total alkalinity measurement	micromoles per kilogram seawater	TALK
Scan	Scan number (24 scans/second)	unitless	scan
TimeJ	Julian time	days	julian_day
TimeS	Duration (seconds)	seconds	time_elapsed
PrDM	Pressure digiquartz (meters)	meters (m)	press
T090C	Primary temperature (degrees C)	degrees Celsius	temp
T190C	Secondary temperature (degrees C)	degrees Celsius	temp
T2_T190C	Difference between primary and secondary temperature	degrees Celsius	temp
C0S_m	Primary conductivity S/m	Siemens/meter	cond
C1S_m	Secondary conductivity (S/m)	Siemens/meter	cond
C2_C1S_m	Difference between primary and secondary conductivity	Siemens/meter	cond
V0	Voltage of transmissometer	volts (V)	trans_v
CStarAt0	Attenuation (1/m)	1/meter	beam_cp
CStarTr0	Beam transmission (%)	percent	trans
V1	Voltage of fluorometer	volts (V)	fluor
FlECO_AFL	Flourometer Eco Chl a (mg/m3)	milligrams per cubic meter	fluor
V2	Altimeter voltage	volts (V)	altitude
AltM	Altimeter (m)	meters (m)	altitude
V3	Par sensor voltage	volts (V)	par_v
V4	Primary oxygen voltage	volts (V)	O2_v
Sbeox0V	Primary oxygen voltage	volts (V)	O2_v
V5	Secondary oxygen voltage	volts (V)	O2_v
Sbeox1V	Secondary oxygen voltage	volts (V)	O2_v
Par	Photosynthetically available radiation - on the ctd (umol photons/m2/s)	micromoles photons per meter-squared per second	PAR
Cpar	Corrected PAR (umol photons/m2/s)	micromoles photons per meter-squared per second	PAR
Spar	Surface photosynthetically available radiation - on the ship (umol photons/m2/s)	micromoles photons per meter-squared per second	SPAR
Pumps	on or off (on=1)	unitless	operation
Latitude	latitude in degrees north	decimal degrees	lat
Longitude	longitude in degrees east	decimal degrees	lon
DepSM	Depth saltwater meters	meters (m)	depth
Sal00	Salinity - calc -- using primary T and primary cond.	unitless	sal
Sal11	Salinity - calc -- using secondary T and secondary cond.	unitless	sal
Sigma_E00	Density - calc -- using primary T and primary cond.	kilograms per cubic meter (minus 1000)	density
Sigma_E11	Density - calc -- using secondary T and secondary cond.	kilograms per cubic meter (minus 1000)	density
Sbox0Mm_Kg	Seabird oxygen (umol/kg) primary sensor	micromoles per kilogram seawater	O2
Sbox1Mm_Kg	Seabird oxygen (umol/kg) secondary sensor	micromoles per kilogram seawater	O2
OxsolMm_Kg	Oxygen saturation (Garcia and Gordon, µmol/kg)	micromoles per kilogram seawater	O2sat
OxsatMm_Kg	Oxygen (Weiss, umol/kg)	micromoles per kilogram seawater	O2
Potemp090C	Potential temperature (ITS90, degrees C) primary	degrees Celsius	potemp
Potemp190C	Potential temperature (ITS90, degrees C) secondary	degrees Celsius	potemp
SvCM	Sound velocity (Chen-Millero, m/s) primary	meters per second	sound_vel
SvCM1	Sound velocity (Chen-Millero, m/s) secondary	meters per second	sound_vel
Dz_dtM	Descent rate (m/s)	meters per second	descent_rate
Gpa	Geopotential anomaly (J/kg)	Joules per kilogram	no_bcodmo_term
Nbin	Number of bins in a row	unitless	nbin
Flag	Quality control; 0 = ok, 1 = problem	unitless	q_flag
ISO_DateTime_UTC	Date and time (UTC) in ISO 8601 format Format: %Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ	unitless	ISO_DateTime_UTC

Database

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Dataset: EN669 Bottle Data